d20 SRD :: Combat :: Movement, Modifiers, Special Actions

FAVORABLE AND UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

Table: Attack Roll Modifiers
Attacker is . . .
Melee
Ranged
Dazzled
-1
-1
Entangled
-21
-21
Flanking defender
+2
-
Invisible
+22
+22
On higher ground
+1
+0
Prone
-4
-3
Shaken or frightened
-2
-2
Squeezing through a space
-4
-4
1 An entangled character also takes a -4 penalty to Dexterity, which may affect his attack roll.
2 The defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC. This bonus doesn't apply if the target is blinded.
3 Most ranged weapons can't be used while the attacker is prone, but you can use a crossbow or shuriken while prone at no penalty.
Table: Armor Class Modifiers
Defender is . . .
Melee
Ranged
Behind cover
+4
+4
Blinded
-21
-21
Concealed or invisible
- See Concealment -
Cowering
-21
-21
Entangled
+02
+02
Flat-footed (such as surprised, balancing, climbing)
+01
+01
Grappling (but attacker is not)
+01
+01, 3
Helpless (such as paralyzed, sleeping, or bound)
-44
+04
Kneeling or sitting
-2
+2
Pinned
-44
+04
Prone
-4
+4
Squeezing through a space
-4
-4
Stunned
-21
-21
1 The defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.
2 An entangled character takes a -4 penalty to Dexterity.
3 Roll randomly to see which grappling combatant you strike. That defender loses any Dexterity bonus to AC.
4 Treat the defender's Dexterity as 0 (-5 modifier). Rogues can sneak attack helpless or pinned defenders.
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